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        <h2 id="SSH免密登录原理"><a href="#SSH免密登录原理" class="headerlink" title="SSH免密登录原理"></a>SSH免密登录原理</h2><h3 id="SSH免密登陆配置图示"><a href="#SSH免密登陆配置图示" class="headerlink" title="SSH免密登陆配置图示"></a>SSH免密登陆配置图示</h3><p><img src="http://img.zhoubg.cn/SSH%E5%85%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.jpg" alt="SSH免密登陆配置"></p>
<h3 id="SSH免密登录原理图示"><a href="#SSH免密登录原理图示" class="headerlink" title="SSH免密登录原理图示"></a>SSH免密登录原理图示</h3><p><img src="http://img.zhoubg.cn/SSH%E5%85%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86.jpg" alt="SSH免密登录原理"></p>
<h2 id="具体配置操作"><a href="#具体配置操作" class="headerlink" title="具体配置操作"></a>具体配置操作</h2><h3 id="环境准备"><a href="#环境准备" class="headerlink" title="环境准备"></a>环境准备</h3><ol>
<li>操作系统：centos 6.4</li>
<li>serverA：  192.168.100.129</li>
<li>serverB：  192.168.100.130</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="配置"><a href="#配置" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h3><p>没做任何配置前从serverA上SSH登录到serverB时需要输入密码的（如果是第一次登录，输入密码前还会询问授权yes/no，只管输入yes就行）：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[binxin@serverA ~]$ ssh binxin@serverB</span><br><span class="line">binxin@serverb<span class="string">'s password: </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Last login: Fri Apr  1 00:35:41 2016 from servera</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">[binxin@serverB ~]$</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>下面开始免密登陆的配置：</p>
<ul>
<li>在serveA上生成秘钥对：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[binxin@serverA ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa</span><br><span class="line">Generating public/private rsa key pair.</span><br><span class="line">Enter file <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">which</span> to save the key (/home/binxin/.ssh/id_rsa): </span><br><span class="line">Enter passphrase (empty <span class="keyword">for</span> no passphrase): </span><br><span class="line">Enter same passphrase again: </span><br><span class="line">Your identification has been saved <span class="keyword">in</span> /home/binxin/.ssh/id_rsa.</span><br><span class="line">Your public key has been saved <span class="keyword">in</span> /home/binxin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.</span><br><span class="line">The key fingerprint is:</span><br><span class="line">f2:f1:00:ca:b0:d0:3c:52:ac:9b:b7:0d:7e:62:f3:39 binxin@serverA</span><br><span class="line">The key<span class="string">'s randomart image is:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">+--[ RSA 2048]----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">| ..              |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">| +.              |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|o.=   .          |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|.o = . .         |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">| o. o . S        |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|o o    o +       |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">| o +    . .      |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|  * E.           |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">| . =o.           |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">+-----------------+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">[binxin@serverA ~]$</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查看用户目录下的ssh（隐藏的）文件夹，秘钥对已经生成，公钥id_rsa.pub，私钥id_rsa</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[binxin@serverA ~]$ <span class="built_in">cd</span> .ssh/</span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverA .ssh]$ ls</span><br><span class="line">id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts</span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverA .ssh]$</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>通过scp命令复制serverA的公钥到serverB上</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[binxin@serverA .ssh]$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub binxin@serverB:/home/binxin/id_rsa.pub</span><br><span class="line">binxin@serverb<span class="string">'s password: </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">id_rsa.pub                                           100%  396     0.4KB/s   00:00    </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">[binxin@serverA .ssh]$</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>登录serverB，将上步靠过来的公钥添加到授权列表文件authorized_keys中，刚开始没有这个文件，追加的时候自动生成了</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[binxin@serverB ~]$ <span class="built_in">cd</span> .ssh/</span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverB .ssh]$ ls</span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverB .ssh]$ cat ~/id_rsa.pub &gt;&gt; ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverB .ssh]$ ls</span><br><span class="line">authorized_keys</span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverB .ssh]$</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>authorized_keys文件的权限必须为600，ssh目录权限必须为700，手动修改权限</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[binxin@serverB ~]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh </span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverB ~]$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>检验配置是否成功，从serverA通过ssh登陆到serverB，发现不用输密码直接登陆成功了，搞定！</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[binxin@serverA .ssh]$ ssh binxin@serverB</span><br><span class="line">Last login: Fri Apr  1 00:46:54 2016 from servera</span><br><span class="line">[binxin@serverB ~]$</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="可能的问题"><a href="#可能的问题" class="headerlink" title="可能的问题"></a>可能的问题</h2><h3 id="权限问题"><a href="#权限问题" class="headerlink" title="权限问题"></a>权限问题</h3><p>配置完authorized_keys一直不生效，很可能是因为.ssh目录和下面文件的权限问题导致的，因为目录的权限已经超过了sshd的要求权限。如果希望ssh公钥生效需满足至少下面两个条件：.ssh目录的权限必须是700，.ssh/authorized_keys文件权限必须是600</p>

      
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